NARRATIVE TEXT
Semua orang
pasti sering menceritakan kejadian yang dialaminya kepada seseorang, baik
teman, saudara, orang tua, dll. Nah, sebenarnya apa yang kita lakukan ketika
menceritakan kejadian yang kita alami ke seseorang merupakan contoh aplikatif
dari Narrative Text. Oleh karena itu semua orang pasti sudah tahu atau
paling tidak pernah mendengar kata Narrative Text sebelumnya. Narrative
Text merupakan jenis teks bahasa inggris yang sering muncul dan di ajarkan
pada tingkat pendidikan SMP atau SMA. Tapi apa sih sebenarnya Narrative Text
itu?
Nah, pada kesempatan kali ini kita mungkin perlu mengetahui pengertian, tujuan komunikatif, struktur
kebahasaan, ciri kebahasaan dan contoh dari Narrative Text.
A.
Pengertian Narrative Text
B. Tujuan
Komunikatif Narrative Text
Tujuan
Komunikatif Narrative Text adalah untuk menghibur ( to amuse.enterteint
the reader/viewer ) pendengar atau pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita masa
lampau yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa-peristiwa
pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu
penyelesaian.
C. Generic
Structure Narrative Text
Setiap jenis
teks bahasa Inggris (genre) memiliki struktur teks-nya sendiri-sendiri.
Struktur dari Narrative Text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu :
1.
Orientation
Pada
bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan tokoh dalam
cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya.
2. Complication
Pada bagian Complication
berisi tentang gambaran munculnya krisis atau masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh
pada cerita tersebut yang harus dipecahkan.
3.
Resolution
Pada bagian Resolution
berisi tentang bagaiman tokoh dari cerita tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada
pada bagian Complication. Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution
untuk satu Complication.
Pada
beberapa referensi tentang Narrative Text, terdapat tambahan generic structure
pada Narrative Text, yaitu penambahan Coda setelah Resoultion.
Jadi susunan Narrative text adalah Orientiation, Complication,
Resolution dan Coda.
Coda adalah bagian terakhir dari
structure Narrative Text yang berisi perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh
dan pelajaran ( pesan moral /moral value ) yang dapat dipetik dari cerita
tersebut.
D. Ciri
Kebahasan Narrative Text
Pada Narrative
Text, terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri antara lain sebagai berikut :
- Mengunakan Action Verb dalam
bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.
- Menggunakan Nouns tertentu
sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya
: the king, the queen, dsb.
- Menggunakan Adjectives yang
membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
- Menggunakan Time Connectives
dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then,
before, after, soon, dsb.
- Menggunakan Adverbs dan
Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa.
Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.
1.Snow White
Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her
Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
(Suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang gadis bernama Snow White. Dia tinggal
bersama paman dan bibinya, karena orangtuanya telah meninggal.)
Complication 1
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the
castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough
money to take Snow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would
be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt
and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
(Suatu hari dia mendengar paman dan bibinya berbicara tentang rencana
meninggalkan istana karena mereka berdua ingin pergi ke Ameria dan mereka tidak
mempunyai cukup uang untuk membawa serta Snow White.)
(Snow White tidak ingin paman dan bibinya melakukan hal tersebut, sehingga
dia memutuskan akan lebih baik jika dia pergi. Pagi harinya dia pergi dari
rumah ketika paman dan bibi nya sedang sarapan. Dia lari ke dalam hutan.)
Resolution 1
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went
inside and fell asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There
they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs.
The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Doc, one of
the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said,
“Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and
finally Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
(Kemudian dia melihat gubuk kecil. Dia mengetuk pintu tetapi tidak ada yang
menjawab sehingga dia masuk dan merasa ngantuk.)
(Sementara itu, tujuh kurcaci telah pulang dari pekerjaannya. Mereka masuk.
Di sana mereka menemukan Snow White tertidur. Kemudian Snow White terbangun.
Dia melihat kurcaci tersebut. Kurcaci tersebut berkata "Siapa nama
kamu?" Snow White menjawab, "Nama saya Snow White.")
(Doc, salah satu dari kurcaci tersebut berkata, "Jika kamu mau, kamu
bisa tinggal di sini bersama kami." Snow White berkata, "Oh,
bolehkah? Terima kasih." Kemudian Snow White menceritakan semua kisahnya
dan akhirnya Snow White dan 7 kurcaci hidup bahagian selamanya.)
2. The Three Fishes
Orientation
Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the
pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other
excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow
morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen left.
(Suatu ketika, terdapatlah tiga ikan yang hidup di sebuah kolam. Di suatu
sore, beberapa nelayan melewati kolam tersebut dan melihat ikan-ikan itu.
"Kolam ini penuh dengan ikan", merka berbicara satu sama lian dengan
bergairah. "Kita belum pernah memancing di sini sebelumnya. Kita harus
datang lagi besok pagi dengan jaring kita dan manangkap ikan-ikan ini!"
Kemudian nelayan-nelayan tersebut pergi.)
Complication
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the
other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must
leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!'
The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right', he said. 'We must leave
the pond.'
(Ketika ikan yang paling tua mendengar ini, dia gelisah. Dia memanggil
ikan-ikan yang lain dan berkata, 'Apakah kamu dengar apa yang dikatakan nelayan
itu? Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini. Nelayan itu akan kembali besok dan
membunuh kita semua!' Ikan kedua setuju. 'Kamu benar', dia berkata. 'Kita harus
meninggalkan kolam ini.')
But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said. 'We
have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why
should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me safe.'
(Tetapi ikan yang paling muda tertawa. 'Kamu cemas tanpa ada alasan', dia
berkata. 'Kita telah tinggal di kolam ini semur hidup kita, dan tidak ada
nelayan yang datang kesini. Kenapa harus orang-orang itu kembali? Saya tidak
akan pergi kemana-mana - keberuntunganku akan menyelamatkan ku.')
Reslution
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family.
The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and
left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even
then.
(Ikan tertua meninggalkan kolam tersebut pada sora hari dengan seluruh
keluarganya. Ikan kedua melihat nelayan datang di kejauhan pada pagi hari dan
meninggalkan kolam tersebut dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan ketiga tetap
menolak untuk pergi.)
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third
fish's luck did not help him - he too was caught and killed.
(Nelayan tersebut pun datang dan menangkap semua ikan yang tertinggal di
kolam. Keberuntungan ikan ketiga tidak menyelamatkannya - dia juga tertangkap
dan dibunuh.)
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the fish
who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on
luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.
(Ikan yang cemas dahulu dan bertindak sebelum nelayan datang dan ikan yang
tertindak ketika nelayan datang bershasil selamat. Tetapi ikan yang
mempercayakan hanya pada keberuntungan dan tidak berbuat apa-apa semuanya mati.
Begitu juga pada kehidupan.)
(Source : belajarbahasainggris.)
3.The Bear and Rabbit
Once upon a time, there lived a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit is a good shot.
In contrary, the bear is always clumsy and could not use the arrow.
One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow
and arrows.
The rabbit was fearing to arouse the bear's anger so he could not refuse it. He
went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed
he shot and killed so many that there were lots of meats left after.
However the bear did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. The rabbit
could not even taste the meat. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry
after his hard day's work.
The bear was the father of five children. Fortunately, the youngest child was
very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave
him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He
would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He
kicked toward the rabbit's house.When he got close to the door he would give
the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit's house. In
this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal.
4. The Legend of Toba
Lake
Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala.
He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that
the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free,
the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so
much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him
and said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish.
Batara Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very
angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got
the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their
mother and talked her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was
shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt.
The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a
lake. Then this lake is known as Toba lake.
5.The Monkey and The
Crocodile
One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a
crocodile so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side of the
river. The crocodile agree and told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the
crocodile swam down the river with the monkey on his top.
Unluckily, the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river
and said to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the
monkey. So he will be healthy again.”
At the time, the monkey was in dangerous situation and he had to think hard.
Then he had a good idea. He told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank.
“What’s for?” asked the crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the
monkey. “I left it under a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”
The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river.
As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s
back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree.
“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile. “You are foolish,” said the monkey
to the crocodile. “Now I am free and I have my heart.
6.The Smartest Parrot
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot
like it. The parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot would not
say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why
the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano
however the bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry.
“You stupid bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word?
Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to
teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to
the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say
the word of Catano.
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano,
the man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and
threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens for next dinner
“You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily.
Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken for my meal.
Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he
left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and
was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house.
There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was
standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll
kill you”.
7.The Three Feather
Story
Once
upon time There was a king who had three sons. The two son were clever. The third
son did not speak much so he was called Simpleton. When the king had become
old, he did not know which son should become the king.
Then he got a bright idea and said; "Go forth, who brings me the most
beautiful carpet will be king after me". He blew three feathers in the
air, and said: "You should go as they fly". One feather flew to the
east, the scond to the west, but the third flew straight up and did not fly far.
So one brother went to the right, and the other to the left. Simpleton was sad
because his feather did not fly far. Then all at once he saw a trap-door close
to the feather. He found some steps, and went down the door. Then he came to
another door, knocked at it. The door opened, and he saw a fat toad sitting.
She asked what he wanted. He answered; "I should get the prettiest and
finest carpet in the world". Then she called a young toad; "Bring me
the great box!"
The young toad brought the box. The fat toad opened it, and gave simpleton a
carpet out of it. The carpet
was so beautiful. So Simpleton thanked her, and brought it to the kingdom.
Meanwhile his brothers just got some coarse handkerchiefs from a shepherds'
wives whom they had met. When the king saw Simpleton's carpet he was very
astonished and said; " Well, the kingdom belongs to the Simpleton".
But his two brothers argued that it was impossible that simpleton should be
king, They asked the king to make a new agreement.
Then the father said; "Who brings me the most beautiful ring will inherit
the kingdom". He blew three feathers, which they were to follow. Those of
the two eldest again went east and west, and simpleton's feather flew straight
up, and fell down near the trap-door. Again the fat toad gave him a ring
sparkled with jewels. Meanwhile his two brohter just got old carriage-rings.
However they did not cease from tormenting the king until he made a third
condition.
So the king declared; Who brings the most beautiful woman home will be the
king". He again blew the three feathers into the air. Then Simpleton went
down to the fat toad, and said; "I am to take home the most beautiful
woman". The she gave him a yellow turnip which had been hollowed out.
Mournfully Simpleton said; "What am I to do with it?". The toad
answered; "Just put one of my little toads into it!". Then Simpleton
seized one little toad and put her into the yellow coach. Surprisingly the
little toad turned into a beautiful maiden. So Simpleton took her to the king.
On the other hand, his brother brought peasant women to the kingdom.
When the king saw the women he said; "After my death the kingdom belongs
to my youngest son". But the two eldest brothers kept arguing that whose
wife could leap through a ring which hung in the center of the hall would be
the king. The king agreed. Then the two peasant women jumped through the ring
but they fell which made their arms and legs broke. On the other hand, the
pretty maiden sprang through the ring as lightly as a deer which made the two
peasants ceased. So Simpleton received the crown and ruled wisely the kingdom.
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